Cordillera Administrative Region
The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) was established on July 15, 1987 through executive Order No. 220 issued by President Corazon Aquino. It is the only land-locked region of the Philippines. The region consists of the provinces of Abra, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province and Apayao. The regional center is Baguio City.
Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) is located in the north-central part of Luzon and encompasses most of the areas within the Cordillera Central mountain range of Luzon. It is bounded by Ilocos Norte and Cagayan in the north, Pangasinan and Nueva Viscaya in the south, Cagayan Valley in the east, and the Ilocos region in the west. The region is dubbed as the “Watershed Cradle of North Luzon” because it hosts 9 major rivers that provide continuous water for irrigation and energy for northern Luzon.
The region is rich in natural resources and has abundant mineral reserves. Gold, copper, silver, zinc, are among the metallic ores that can be found in the region. Non-metallic reserves include sand, gravel and sulfur. Although mineral reserves are found all over the province, mining is concentrated in Benguet. Great majority of Cordillera’s population engaged in farming and small-scale production.
Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) is rich in ancient culture. It is the home of the indigenous tribe called Igorot. The way of life of the people in this region existed way back to ancient Filipinos before the Spanish colonization. Cordillera also has various festivals, these includes the Panagbenga or Baguio Flower Festival celebrated every February. The festival highlights are the flower exhibits, garden tours, floral competition and parade of floats. Other festivals in the region include the Ulalim Festival in Kalinga, Lang-ay Festival in Mountain Province, Banaue Imbayah Festival and the Tabuk Matagoan Festival.
Cordillera is one of the prime tourist destinations in the Philippines. It has many spectacular scenic views and enchanting cool places. Baguio City is the summer capital of the Philippines. The world-famous Banaue Rice Terraces in the province of Ifugao is considered as the “Eighth Wonder of the World”. This structure of about 2000 to 6000 years old is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Other tourists’ attractions of the region include the Sumaguing Cave in Sagada and the mummy caves in Benguet and Mt. Province. There are four National Parks in the region: Cassamata Hill, Mount Pulag which is the highest mountain in Luzon, Mount Data and Balbalasang-Balbalan.
Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) is rich in ancient culture. It is the home of the indigenous tribe called Igorot. The way of life of the people in this region existed way back to ancient Filipinos before the Spanish colonization. Cordillera also has various festivals, these includes the Panagbenga or Baguio Flower Festival celebrated every February. The festival highlights are the flower exhibits, garden tours, floral competition and parade of floats. Other festivals in the region include the Ulalim Festival in Kalinga, Lang-ay Festival in Mountain Province, Banaue Imbayah Festival and the Tabuk Matagoan Festival.
Cordillera is one of the prime tourist destinations in the Philippines. It has many spectacular scenic views and enchanting cool places. Baguio City is the summer capital of the Philippines. The world-famous Banaue Rice Terraces in the province of Ifugao is considered as the “Eighth Wonder of the World”. This structure of about 2000 to 6000 years old is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Other tourists’ attractions of the region include the Sumaguing Cave in Sagada and the mummy caves in Benguet and Mt. Province. There are four National Parks in the region: Cassamata Hill, Mount Pulag which is the highest mountain in Luzon, Mount Data and Balbalasang-Balbalan.
The most populous cities and municipalities in Cordillera Administrative Region are:
| City/Municipality | Province | Area in km² | Population | |
| Total | Density/km² | |||
| Baguio City | Benguet | 57.51 | 301,926 | 5,249.97 |
| La Trinidad | Benguet | 70.04 | 97,810 | 1,396.49 |
| City Of Tabuk | Kalinga | 700.25 | 87,912 | 125.54 |
| Itogon | Benguet | 449.73 | 48,778 | 108.46 |
| Bangued | Abra | 105.70 | 46,179 | 436.89 |
| Tuba | Benguet | 295.97 | 40,008 | 135.18 |
| Mankayan | Benguet | 130.48 | 34,563 | 264.89 |
| Buguias | Benguet | 175.88 | 34,507 | 196.20 |
| Bauko | Mountain Province | 153.00 | 29,382 | 192.04 |
| Pinukpuk | Kalinga | 743.56 | 27,783 | 37.36 |
Cordillera Administrative Region (Filipino: Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera), designated as CAR, is a region in thePhilippines in the island of Luzon. The only landlocked region in the country, it is bordered by the Ilocos Region in the west and southwest, and by the Cagayan Valley on the north, east, and southeast.
The region is composed of six provinces, namely: Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga and Mountain Province. The regional center is the highly urbanized city of Baguio.
The region, officially created on July 15, 1987, covers most of the Cordillera Central mountains of Luzon, and is home to numerous indigenous peoples collectively known as the Igorot.
Geography
Physical
Mountain
The region is mainly mountainous, situated within the Cordillera Central mountain range. Mount Pulag, the highest mountain in Luzon, is located at the tri-point of Benguet, Ifugao, and Nueva Vizcaya provinces.
Rivers
The region has several rivers. The most extensive in the region is the Chico River, a major tributary of the Cagayan River, traversing the provinces of Mountain Province and Kalinga. Other major rivers include Agno, Amburayan, Bued in Benguet, Abulog in Kalinga, Abra River in Abra, Ahin River in Ifugao, Apayao River in Apayao, and Siffu River in both Ifugao and Mountain Province
Demographics
| Population census of Cordillera AR | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1990 | 1,146,191 | — |
| 2000 | 1,365,412 | +19.1% |
| 2010 | 1,616,867 | +18.4% |
| Source: National Statistics Office | ||
Ethnic groups
Cordillera is home to many ethnic tribes living on the Cordillera mountain range. They are commonly referred to as Igorot.
Ethnic People of Abra
The Tingguians are composed of sub-groups known as the Itneg tribes which includes Adasen, Balatok, Banaw, Belwang, Binungan, Gubang, Inlaud, Mabaka, Maeng, Masadiit, and Muyadan or Ammutan.: Their places of abode are found in the different municipalities in Abra as follows
- Adasen- Lagayan, San Juan and Tineg
- Banaw - Daguioman, Malibcong, also found in Balbalan, Kalinga
- Binungan - Baay-Licuan and Lacub
- Balatok - in the villages of Amti, Kilong-olaw, & Danak, all in Boliney
- Belwang - in the village of Dao-angan in Boliney
- Gubang - Malibcong
- Inlaud - Lagangilang and Peñarrubia, in Lumaba village of Villaviciosa, in the villages of Abang and Patoc in Bucay, in Langiden, San Isidro,San Quintin, Danglas (also found in some parts of Nueva Era)
- Mabaka - Lacub and Malibcong
- Maeng - Luba, Tubo and Villaviciosa, (also found in San Emilio, Ilocos Sur, Banayoyo and other towns in Ilocos Sur)
- Masadiit - Sallapadan, Bucloc and in the village of Sapdaan in Manabo, and in barangays Poblacion, Bawiyan, and Dumagas in Boliney
- Ammutan a.k.a. Muyadan tribe - in Manabo
Ethnic People of Apayao
Isnag tribe are also known as Isneg which composed of the sub-groups known as the Ymandaya and Imallod (Isnag refers to the people while Isneg is refers to their dialect). Isnags are also found not only in the Province of Apayao but also in the Eastern part of the Province of Ilocos Norteand Northwestern part of the Province of Cagayan.
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- Their places of abode are found in the different municipalities in Apayao as follows:
- Ymandaya(Isnag)- Calanasan(Bayag)
- Imallod(Isnag)- Kabugao, Conner, Pudtol, and some part of Luna(Macatel)
- Malaweg of Conner, Apayao
Ethnic People of Benguet
Ethnic People of Ifugao
tuwali, ayangan, kankanaey, yattuka reference: ifugao history
Ethnic People of Kalinga
Ethnic People of Mountain Province
- Bontoc - Bontoc
- Balangao - Natonin
- Baliwon - Paracelis
- Applai-Bauko, Besao, Sabangan and Sagada Municipalities.
Languages
The Cordillera region is the most diversified ethno-liguistic region in the Philippines with its major languages having sub-dialect variations. The topographic formation of the Cordillera mountain range, which has greatly influenced the upstream migration of peoples in the Cordillera into the hinterland, corresponds the various dialects pattern formation. The disparity in linguistic ethnicity however, did not form variation in cultural development as almost every Cordillera people shares similar cultural identity among different tribes.
- Bontok - spoken in Bontoc
- Ifugao - spoken in Ifugao
- Isnag - spoken in Apayao
- Balangao - spoken in Natonin
- Kankanaey - spoken in Western Mountain Province and some municipalities in Benguet Province
- Ibaloi - spoken in Benguet Province
- Kalanguya - spoken in some municipalities of Benguet
- Itneg - spoken in Abra
Ilocano is spoken in almost all parts of the region.
Regional economy
Economy of the region is diverse; mining, agriculture, export processing zone, tourism are among economic activities in the different provinces of the region.
The region is abundant with mineral reserves. These include metallic ores such as gold, copper, silver, zinc, and non-metallic minerals like sand, gravel and sulfur. Mineral reserves are found in all the provinces. However, mining is concentrated in Benguet.
Its timber resources has dwindled since the introduction of slash-and-burn method of farming in all parts of the Cordillera mountain range.
Vegetable crop production is well developed in Benguet, rice production in Ifugao and Abra, corn production in Mountain Province, and Kalinga.
Baguio and La Trinidad are considered as the industrial centers in the region. Baguio City hosts Baguio Export Processing Zone where operations of big companies like Texas Instruments, and MOOG are located. The city also hosts offshore and outsourcing companies operating call centers.
The primary growth centers of the region are Metro Baguio and the Eastern Cordillera Growth Corridor.
Culture |
Festivals
Spring Festival (Chinese New Year) Month of January Baguio City
Panagbenga (Baguio Flower Festival) Month of February Baguio City
Ullalim Festival February 13-16 Kalinga Day
Abrenian Festival March 9 Bangued, Abra
Lang-Ay Festival April 7 Mountain Province
Parade of Cordillera Festival End of November Baguio City
Provincial and city
The region also has various festivals. They include:
- Panagbenga Festival (Baguio Flower Festival) - celebrated in the city of Baguio every February. The festival focuses on the city as the Flower Garden City of the North. Highlights include flower exhibits, lectures, garden tours, floral competition and a parade of floats.
- Adivay Festival - celebrated in the province of Benguet every November. "Adivay" means "coming together of people to celebrate". The month-long activities highlights the Agro-industrial and trade fair which showcase the different products of the province.
- Ullalim Festival - celebrated in the province of Kalinga every February 13–16. The festival celebrates the founding of the province, showcasing the cultural heritage and way of life of the Kalingas. Highlights include exhibits of weaved clothes (laga), coffee beans and other products of the province.
- Lang-ay Festival - celebrated in Mountain Province every April 7. This is a week-long agro-industrial trade, tourism and cultural fair with tribal dances and songs. Lang-ay is a native term which describes the tradition of the people of Mountain Province to celebrate festivities, share happiness, foster family solidarity, hospitality and nurture friendship - all with a toast of home-brewed wine.
- Matagoan Festival - celebrated in the city of Tabuk every June 16. The festival features G-String marathon (runners wear G-String only), cultural dances and songs, and showcases the different products of Tabuk coming from the different parts of Kalinga such as the aromatic Kalinga coffee.
Town festivals
Ifugao
- Kulpi ad Asipulo (Asipulo, Ifugao - April 16–19) - Town Fiesta adopting the ritual term "kulpi", a family thanksgiving after transplanting the rice seedlings.
- Tungoh ad Hungduan (Hungduan, Ifugao - April 17–19) - Town fiesta adopting the cultural festival term "tungoh", where the community celebrates the end of rice planting season.
- Gotad ad Hingyon (Hingyon, Ifugao - April 23–25) - Town fiesta adopting the festival term "Gotad" which is culminating activity of a "bimmayah" - a well-to-do.
- Kulpi ad Lagawe (Lagawe, Ifugao - April 25–27) - Town Fiesta adopting the ritual term "kulpi", a family thanksgiving after transplanting the rice seedlings.
- Urpih Bannawar (Banaue, Ifugao - April 26–27) - Town fiesta also performing the cultural ritual of the "urpih" by the town mayor. Similar to the kulpi of Lagawe & Asipulo except that Banaue has no "K" in their dialect.
- Immbayah (Banaue, Ifugao - April 27–29) - A festival celebrated every 3 years. The event title was coined after the term "bumayah" referring to a well-to-do who celebrates his good health or ripe old age with gong-beating and dancing culminating in the feast.
- Gotad ad Kiangan (Kiangan, Ifugao - April 30 - May 2) - Same as that of Hingyon where the program includes cultural dances, presentation or Contested ethnic songs and games.
- Among ad Alfonso Lista (Alfonso Lista, Ifugao - May 11) - Town fiesta adopting the Ifugao term "ammong" which means a gathering.
- Keleng di Tinek-town fiesta of the municipality of Tinoc which adopt or practice the ritual of a "keleng". Keleng means a bountiful thanksgiving of a couple to the "Kabunyan" the highest god. Gongs and dances were practiced by the community and bountiful meals were served.
Tourist attractions
Tourist attractions in the region include the Banaue Rice Terraces in the province of Ifugao. The terraces, ancient sprawling man-made structures from 2,000 to 6,000 years old, are a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and are part of the Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras. The Philippine Eagle and the Crested-Serpent Eagle was also found in the Last forest frontier of the North the Province of Apayao.
Other natural attractions of the region include the Sumaguing Cave in Sagada and the mummy caves of Benguet and Mountain Province. There are four national parks: Cassamata Hill, Mount Data, Balbalasang-Balbalan, located in the province of Kalinga, and Mount Pulag, the highest mountain in Luzon at 2,922 meters above sea level. Kalinga also offers white water rafting along the Chico River.
The city of Baguio, dubbed the "summer capital of the Philippines", is a major tourist destination in the region.
References
http://www.philippine-islands.ph/en/cordillera_administrative_region-philippines.htmlhttp://itsmorefuninthephilippines.com/cordillera-administrative-region/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Region
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=cordillera+administrative+region&safe=off&biw=1366&bih=677&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0CDIQsARqFQoTCNOpjrn1mcgCFabipgodGJEIFw#imgrc=3EP2xKZylz0ayM%3A
- Lyziel
